Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The true quantity of types has varied, depending on how they are categorized, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the true name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The types are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled into the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Narcissi are popular as chop plants as ornamental plants in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the symbol of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering with an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as high as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The plants, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or almost never inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile origins that yank it down further into the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer season to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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