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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with about 50 species. The true amount of types has varied, depending about how they are labeled, thanks to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The types are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as chop blooms so that ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the sign of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as tall as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The flower stem bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The flowers, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or hardly ever renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits consists of a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.

The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile root base that take it down further into the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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