Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The true number of varieties has mixed, depending about how they are classified, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the real name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were presented in to the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as chop blossoms so that as ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the icon of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as extra tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The vegetable stem bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The plants, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or rarely inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits involves a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile origins that move it down further in to the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer months to later winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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