Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The number of species has assorted, depending how they are grouped, due to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were created into the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slash plants so that ornamental crops in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the icon of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary flower, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The plants, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or almost never inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blossoms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile root base that draw it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to later winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.
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