Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The true number of types has varied, depending how they are labeled, credited to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as cut bouquets so that ornamental plants in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the mark of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of plants (umbel). The blossoms, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or almost never renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile roots that move it down further in to the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer season to past due winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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