Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with about 50 species. The number of kinds has mixed, depending how they are categorized, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the true name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were launched in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as chop blooms as ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the symbol of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage light. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as large as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The seed stem usually bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blossoms, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or hardly ever renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile root base that take it down further in to the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are autumn flowering.
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