Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with about 50 species. The true number of varieties has assorted, depending on how they are categorized, due to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The species are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as chop plants and since ornamental plants in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the mark of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as high as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The vegetable stem bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or almost never green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile roots that yank it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summertime to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are fall months flowering.
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