Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The true quantity of species has assorted, depending how they are classified, scheduled to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled in to the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slash blossoms as ornamental plants in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and skill, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the mark of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or rarely green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry involves a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile root base that draw it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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