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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden types), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The true number of species has mixed, depending on how they are grouped, due to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise source of the real name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The species are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as chop blossoms so when ornamental plant life in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the symbol of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as tall as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of plants (umbel). The blossoms, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or seldom green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries includes a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.

The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile root base that yank it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer to past due winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.

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