Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The number of species has assorted, depending on how they are grouped, credited to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the real name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The species are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were presented in to the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as lower blooms and since ornamental crops in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art work, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the icon of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as large as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The herb stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or seldom green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blooms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile roots that take it down further in to the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer months to later winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few types are fall months flowering.
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