Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten parts with roughly 50 species. The number of types has mixed, depending how they are grouped, anticipated to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slice flowers so that ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the image of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as large as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The place stem bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blossoms, which are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or hardly ever inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit consists of a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile origins that yank it down further into the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summertime to past due winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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