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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with roughly 50 species. The number of kinds has varied, depending how they are grouped, credited to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The species are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as trim blooms so that as ornamental crops in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the image of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as tall as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The seed stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The blossoms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or almost never green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.

The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile origins that take it down further into the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from warmer summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.

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