Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with about 50 species. The number of kinds has assorted, depending about how they are categorised, scheduled to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the true name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as lower blooms and since ornamental crops in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the image of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or rarely green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The plants may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile roots that move it down further into the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summertime to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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