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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The true amount of types has mixed, depending on how they are classified, due to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were launched in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slash blossoms so that as ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and fine art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the symbol of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as high as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light. The seed stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but once in a while a cluster of flowers (umbel). The flowers, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or rarely renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.

The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile root base that pull it down further into the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summertime to later winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few types are fall flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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Narcissus Related Paintings

Narcissus Modern Art

Flying through paintings Metamorphosis of narcissus Salvador Dali