Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with roughly 50 species. The true number of types has mixed, depending on how they are grouped, anticipated to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The types are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were launched into the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as chop flowers so when ornamental plant life in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the sign of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as high as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The seed stem bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or rarely green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry involves a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile root base that yank it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are autumn flowering.
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