Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The amount of species has assorted, depending how they are categorized, due to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the true name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were presented into the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as chop blossoms so when ornamental plants in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the image of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as large as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The herb stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, that are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or seldom renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile roots that pull it down further in to the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer months to past due winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few species are autumn flowering.
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