Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The true range of kinds has mixed, depending how they are categorized, thanks to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The species are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled into the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Today narcissi are popular as lower flowers so when ornamental plants in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and fine art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the image of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage light. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The flower stem bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blooms, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or rarely inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile root base that draw it down further into the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from warmer summer months to late winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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