Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The amount of varieties has mixed, depending on how they are categorised, due to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as lower blossoms so when ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the icon of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The plant stem usually bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The blossoms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or seldom inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile root base that pull it down further into the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer season to overdue winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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