Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The true volume of species has varied, depending about how they are classified, due to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Narcissi are popular as slice flowers so that ornamental plant life in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the symbol of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as high as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The flower stem bears a solitary flower, but once in a while a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blossoms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or rarely green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile root base that take it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer season to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few species are fall months flowering.
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