Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The true number of varieties has mixed, depending how they are grouped, due to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise source of the true name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were released into the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Narcissi are popular as slash blossoms so that ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the mark of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering for an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or rarely renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blooms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile origins that pull it down further in to the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer season to later winter, flowering in the spring, though a few types are fall months flowering.
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