Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The number of varieties has mixed, depending how they are categorized, credited to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the real name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Today narcissi are popular as trim blossoms and as ornamental plant life in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the icon of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as large as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary flower, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blossoms, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or hardly ever inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blooms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit contains a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile root base that take it down further in to the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from warmer summer months to later winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall months flowering.
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