Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The number of varieties has assorted, depending about how they are classified, due to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slash blooms and since ornamental plants in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and skill, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the symbol of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as high as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The plant stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of plants (umbel). The blooms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or rarely green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile origins that yank it down further into the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer season to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are fall flowering.
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