Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The true amount of varieties has mixed, depending how they are classified, credited to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of this name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were launched in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slash bouquets and since ornamental plants in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the symbol of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blossoms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or rarely renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile root base that pull it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to later winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few species are autumn flowering.
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