Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The number of varieties has mixed, depending on how they are categorized, due to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of this name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled in to the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as chop bouquets as ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as icons of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the icon of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering for an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as high as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The herb stem bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blooms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or seldom green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit consists of a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile root base that pull it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer time to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are autumn flowering.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar