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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten parts with about 50 species. The number of types has mixed, depending how they are categorised, due to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the real name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of this name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were presented into the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slice blooms and since ornamental plants in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the image of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as large as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but once in a while a cluster of plants (umbel). The plants, which can be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or almost never renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit includes a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.

The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile root base that yank it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.

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