Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The true quantity of varieties has assorted, depending how they are categorized, credited to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as trim flowers as ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the image of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The seed stem usually bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The flowers, which can be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or hardly ever inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The flowers may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry includes a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile roots that yank it down further in to the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to late winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.
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