Narcissus drawing by funvampiremihihou on DeviantArt

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten portions with about 50 species. The amount of kinds has mixed, depending how they are categorised, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the real name Narcissus is unknown, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The types are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Narcissi are popular as lower blooms as ornamental crops in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and artwork, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the icon of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as extra tall as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blooms, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or hardly ever inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb is dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile roots that pull it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer months to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall flowering.

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