Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in old civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The amount of varieties has varied, depending about how they are categorised, thanks to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slice bouquets so that ornamental crops in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the sign of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blooms, which are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or hardly ever inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit contains a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile roots that move it down further in to the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from warmer summer months to later winter, flowering in the spring, though a few species are fall months flowering.
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