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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden types), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The true quantity of types has mixed, depending how they are categorised, anticipated to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the real name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slash flowers so that ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the image of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as high as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The herb stem bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or rarely inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries involves a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile origins that take it down further into the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer to later winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.

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