Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in old civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The true variety of varieties has varied, depending on how they are grouped, credited to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slice blossoms and since ornamental plants in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the icon of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The place stem usually bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The plants, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or rarely green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries includes a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile roots that take it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer to overdue winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall months flowering.
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