Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with about 50 species. The true quantity of types has varied, depending on how they are labeled, scheduled to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the real name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of this name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as trim bouquets and as ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and skill, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the sign of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering with an underground storage light. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as high as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The seed stem usually bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The blooms, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or hardly ever green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb is dormant after the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile origins that yank it down further into the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer months to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few types are fall months flowering.
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