Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten portions with approximately 50 species. The true quantity of varieties has varied, depending about how they are labeled, thanks to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise source of the real name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were launched in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Narcissi are popular as cut flowers and as ornamental plant life in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the icon of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage light. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The herb stem bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or seldom renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries involves a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile origins that take it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summertime to overdue winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few types are autumn flowering.
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