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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The true quantity of types has mixed, depending about how they are classified, anticipated to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of that name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The types are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were presented into the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slice blossoms so that ornamental plants in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and artwork, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the symbol of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as high as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The herb stem bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or seldom green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The plants may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry involves a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.

The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile roots that move it down further into the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few types are autumn flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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