Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with about 50 species. The true number of kinds has assorted, depending about how they are categorised, scheduled to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the true name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as slice flowers as ornamental crops in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and skill, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the icon of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering with an underground storage light. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The herb stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or hardly ever renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The blossoms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit includes a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile origins that move it down further in to the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to later winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall flowering.
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