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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The number of species has assorted, depending how they are categorised, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The species are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as chop plants as ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the icon of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as extra tall as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The flowers, which can be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or seldom inexperienced sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit includes a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.

The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile roots that draw it down further into the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from warmer summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few types are fall flowering.

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