Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The number of kinds has varied, depending how they are categorised, due to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as lower plants as ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the sign of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The flower stem bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blossoms, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or seldom renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile root base that move it down further into the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from warmer summer months to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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