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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The amount of kinds has mixed, depending how they are classified, due to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as chop plants so that ornamental plant life in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the icon of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as tall as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The blooms, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or rarely inexperienced sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit includes a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb is dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile root base that move it down further into the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer time to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall months flowering.

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