Narcissus and Goldmund by Hermann Hesse, Graham Coxon , Paperback

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The true variety of types has mixed, depending on how they are grouped, due to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were launched into the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Today narcissi are popular as lower blooms and since ornamental plants in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the image of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as extra tall as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light. The place stem bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or rarely green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries consists of a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile roots that move it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summertime to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.

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