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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The amount of types has varied, depending about how they are classified, scheduled to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as trim plants and as ornamental plants in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art work, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the image of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as tall as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light. The plant stem bears a solitary flower, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, that are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or seldom inexperienced sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.

The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile roots that pull it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summertime to late winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few species are fall months flowering.

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