Narcissus sp. daffodil Newark, Ohio, USA 1 Flickr Photo

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The amount of kinds has varied, depending about how they are classified, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the true name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Narcissi are popular as lower bouquets so when ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and fine art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the symbol of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as tall as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blossoms, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or seldom renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit contains a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb is dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile origins that yank it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer season to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall flowering.

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