Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The number of varieties has varied, depending on how they are labeled, credited to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were released in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Narcissi are popular as slash plants so that ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and fine art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the mark of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to a underground storage light. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The plants, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or almost never green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile roots that pull it down further in to the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.
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