Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with about 50 species. The amount of kinds has varied, depending about how they are classified, scheduled to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were launched into the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as trim bouquets as ornamental plant life in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and skill, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the icon of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering for an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as high as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light. The place stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The plants, which can be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or rarely inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile root base that yank it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are fall months flowering.
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