Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The amount of varieties has mixed, depending on how they are classified, credited to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as trim bouquets so that ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the icon of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The plant stem usually bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, which can be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or seldom green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile origins that move it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer season to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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