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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The amount of types has mixed, depending on how they are grouped, anticipated to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slice blossoms so that ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the icon of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as large as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of plants (umbel). The blooms, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or hardly ever inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The flowers may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.

The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile root base that pull it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer to past due winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few varieties are fall flowering.

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