Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The amount of kinds has varied, depending about how they are grouped, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the real name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were released in to the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as lower flowers so that as ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the symbol of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as high as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of plants (umbel). The plants, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or rarely renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit includes a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile origins that take it down further in to the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer months to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.
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