Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The number of species has mixed, depending about how they are categorized, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the real name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were released in to the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as chop flowers so that ornamental plants in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the icon of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering with an underground storage light. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as high as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The seed stem usually bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of blooms (umbel). The bouquets, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or rarely green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The plants may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile root base that move it down further into the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summertime to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are autumn flowering.
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