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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with roughly 50 species. The amount of varieties has mixed, depending about how they are labeled, scheduled to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were created in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as trim flowers so that ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the sign of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as extra tall as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light. The flower stem bears a solitary flower, but once in a while a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or hardly ever renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries consists of a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile root base that draw it down further in to the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer season to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few species are fall flowering.

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