Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The true quantity of species has mixed, depending on how they are categorised, due to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the true name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The types are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were created into the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slice blossoms so that as ornamental plants in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the sign of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as high as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The place stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, which can be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or hardly ever green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit includes a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile origins that yank it down further in to the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from warmer summer months to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few types are fall flowering.
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