Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The number of types has varied, depending how they are labeled, anticipated to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as trim blooms so when ornamental plants in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the mark of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as high as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The bouquets, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or hardly ever green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The flowers may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits contains a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile origins that take it down further in to the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer months to late winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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