Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in old civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The true number of varieties has assorted, depending how they are classified, anticipated to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the real name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the American Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were created into the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slice flowers and as ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and artwork, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the icon of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage light. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as high as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The plants, that are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or hardly ever green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits contains a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb is dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile root base that yank it down further into the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are autumn flowering.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar